فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 67 (مهر1397)

Mental health is a predictor of life expectancy and one of the indicators life's progress. The present was carried out in order to investigate the mediating role of ego strength between ego development and mental health. current study is an inferential research. To this end, a sample of 112 students who lives in dormitories of Tehran university (55 girls and 57 boys) were selected through multistage cluster sampling. They were asked to complete 3 tests including: Washington University Sentence Completion Test (WuscT, 1981) to measure ego development, Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ20) to measure mental health, the Strength Questionnaire (ESS, Besharat, 2007). The use of path analysis in Amos application investigating the mentioned mediation, demonstrated That ego strength has a statistically significant mediating effect on ego development and mental health. (Affects the intensity and direction of their relationship). Also, there was a positive significant correlation between ego strength and mental health, while, there was no significant correlation between ego development and mental health.  The higher the level of ego development and ego strength of a person is, the higher his/her mental health would be.

Primary immunodeficiency diseases are among rare genetic illnesses which are a part of the chronic somatic diseases and negatively effect parents and the other family members. The research question is that why some parents of this group of patients have difficulties to adjust to such an stressful situation, while others are easily adjusted. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of parental affective and cognitive characteristics in predicting levels of their adjustment to their children`s primary immunodeficiency disease. In a correlational study 111 parents (68 mother, 43 father), whose children had been diagnosed with one of the primary immunodeficiency diseases types participated in this research. Participants completed the Adjustment to Illness Scale (AIS; 2001), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; 1988), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ; 2006). Both adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies as well as negative affects could significantly predict parent’s adjustment to their children's illness (p<.05). The findings did not support the significant relation between positive affect and parent’s adjustment. It can be concluded that cognitive characteristics have a determinate influence on parent’s adjustment to their children's illness.

Anyone suffering from spinal cord injury will face significant changes in almost all aspects of life. Challenges can be very difficult for people with limited personal and environmental resources. The aims of this study was to apply seven sessions of training  with the coping strategies and quality of life. This semi-experimental study was performed with pretest-posttest design on people with spinal cord injury. 32 subjects were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups of 16 participant. Coping Effectively training was taught to the experimental group during 7 sessions. To examine the results, the Coping Preference Questionnaire (COPE) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) was used. Data were analyzed using 21-spss software and mixed ANOVA. The findings showed that there was no significant difference in the post test of the experimental group compared to the control group in the problem- oriented and emotional- oriented coping strategies and quality of life, but there was a significant reduction in the avoidance coping strategy. To improve the quality of life, there should be long-term interventions designed specifically for these individuals that address more aspects of the lives of people with SCI.

Heart rate variability (HRV) is an significant index of cardiovascular health and emotion regulation capacity. Cluster B Personality Disorder, Indicatetd the lowest emotion regulation capacity amongst others (Wilberg, 2009). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excitement induced on all HRV frequncy domains. Although, Personality disorders was considered as moderating variables. The target population of this research consisted of Iranian women and men aged 20 to 40 years whom referred to Binesh psychological clinic. 62 participants were selected through targeted sampling. This was an semi-experimental study. For analysing, mutivariable analyse of covariance, repeatitive measurement with P<0.05 was selected. The research tools included Procomp HRVBiofeedback (2012), excitement emerging movies (Schaefer, 2010), and SWAP-200 Interview (2007). According to the findings, people with cluster B personality disorders showed the most changes in HRV ferquency domains,then cluster B and C in turns, revealed changes (P<0.05 for all groups). According to the results, the worst emotion regulation in cluster B has significant relationship with the worst HRV. Therefore, Emotion regulation as a Psychological factor can be impressive in Cardiovascular Health.

Experiencing domestic violence in childhood affects the mental health and social function, alcohol abuse and borderline personality disorder in adulthood. Objective of the current study is to investigate the relationship between physical and psychological violence with alcohol abuse, borderline personality disorders and also the effect of experiencing violence in childhood on mental health in adulthood. The current study is a descriptive correlative research. To do this, mental health and experiencing domestic violence were assessed using GHQ28 (1972) and Pournaghash Tehrani domestic violence questionnaires (2005), respectively. Subjects included 220 men and women (110 men and 110 women) from Tehran province and were administered the aforementioned questionnaires. Moreover, Mclean Screening Instrument (MSI-BPD) (2003) for Borderline personality disorder and alcohol abuse disorder questionnaire (AUDIT)(1989) were utilized. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS software. Results were presented based on comparison of averages, independent t-test and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that experiences of violence in childhood increase anxiety and social dysfunction based on the type of experienced violence with significance of P<0.01. In addition, results showed a significant correlation between borderline personality and alcohol abuse disorders with different types of violence at P<0.05 level. This means that higher level of experience of domestic violence is related to the reduction of mental health, as well as borderline personality disorder and alcohol abuse.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in Iran. Considering the effect of this disease on the quality of life of affected women, the issue of this research is to identify the factors affecting the quality of life of this group of patients. This study was performed to describe quality of life in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy and its relationship with demographic characteristics and functionalities (physical, emotional, social, Cognitive and sexual) have been done. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The sample included 116 women with breast cancer. Data were analyzed using stepwise regression. Disturbance in social function (P<0.01) and intensity of pain (P<0.01) are the strongest predictors of quality of life in breast cancer patients. Also, there was a significant relationship between demographic variables such as age, parenthood, employment status and education with quality of life (P<0.05). In this sense, preserving function and social relationships and managing pain are effective in improving the quality of life of this group of patients.

According to research, adolescents' changes can have great effects on adolescents, and they are prone to emotional distress and anxiety. The issue is whether the relationship between the parents with each other and the child is effective in reducing the symptoms of emotional disturbances in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of familybased psychological intervention program on the affective disorders symptoms in adolescent children with dual career parents The research method is quasiexperimental and technically applied researches such as disparate twogroup design with pre test and posttest, with the control group and after initial screening of affective disorders in adolescent children of dual   career Parents;  A total of 30 parents working, in a governmental organization, with at least one child aged 1116 years and affective disorders symptoms, were selected and randomly divided into two equal experimental and control groups, and the experimental group under the psychological intervention program (consist of 12 sessions of group training 90 minutes each session, once a week). The control group did not receive any interventions during this period. The instruments of this research were Demographic Self-Made Questionnaire (2017), Needs Assessment and Child Behavior Checklist, Achenbach (1991). Data analysis was done by repeated measures MANCOVA. The findings of the study showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control group (P<0.05). In this sense، the familybased psychological intervention program, reduced the affective disorders symptoms in adolescent children with dual career parents and these results were sustained in the quarterly followup.

Studies have shown that therapeutic games play a role in improving the symptoms of hyperactivity and attention deficit attention disorder. The research issue is whether it can help to reduce the symptoms by performing mental games. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intellectual games on reduced symptoms of hyperactivity and attention deficit in primary school students in Kerman. The present study is a semi-experimental interventional research and pre-test post-test design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all primary school children who referred to the counseling center and their number was155. The sample size was compared to two groups; each group was considered as 15. Sampling was done as available. Conner's Grading Scale (1969) was used to diagnose hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit. For data analysis, mean, standard deviation and covariance analysis were used. The findings  illustrated showed that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups. This means that the group that participated in the therapeutic game had fewer symptoms of hyperactivity and attention deficit attention disorder.

Inferential confusion is defined as a failure to recognize the unrealistic nature of obsessions due to a subjective form of reasoning and seems to be particularly relevant to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The present research question was to determine psychometric properties of the Persian version of the expanded version of the Inferential Confusion Questionnaire (ICQ-EV). the purpose of this study was to investigate the preliminary validity and reliability of the Persian version of ICQ-EV in a non-clinical sample. Correlation research design applied in this study, and data analyzed using Pearson correlation. The sample consisted of 207 students from Shahed University who were selected by random cluster sampling method. The Padua Inventory- Washington State University Revision (PI-WSUR) and Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (MASQ-D30) were used to examine the convergent validity. The Obsessive Belief Questionnaire (OBQ-44) and Thought-Action Fusion Scale (TAF) were used for Divergent validity. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the test-retest reliability within two weeks (p<0.01), which indicates the desirable reliability of the questionnaire. The significant relationship between ICQ-EV and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p<0.01) supported the convergent validity of this questionnaire.  The significance of this relationship (p<0.01) after controlling cognitive variables indicated the divergent validity of this questionnaire.

Previous studies have identified that the most powerful contributor to delinquent behavior among adolescents is the family dynamic environment. Here, family dynamic environment refers to the psychological climate within a family, derived from parenting attitudes, marital relationships, parent–child relationships, and relationships among family members. Thus, Family Dynamic Environment (FDE) scale was developed by Kim and Kim (2007) to assessment of familial dynamics related to delinquency and criminal behavior in adolescents. The presents study was aimed at examining the validity, reliability, and factor structure of FDE among Iranian juvenile delinquents. The research method was descriptive survey and factor analysis was used. The study sample consisted of 554 students; 302 typical students and 242 students with delinquency backgrounds. They were selected from among all high school students by a cluster random sampling method. They completed Family Dynamic Environment (FDE; Kim & Kim, 2007) scale, Family Assessment Device (FAD; Bishop, Epestine & Baldwin, 1980), and questionnaire of attitude toward delinquent behaviors (Fazli, 2010). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of FDE scale was confirmed according to the factor structure proposed by its developers. The internal consistency of parent-child relationship, paternal parenting attitude, maternal rearing attitude, psychological climate, and family cohesion using Cronbach’s Alpha obtained 0.92, 0.92, 0.86, 0.81 and 0.71 that proved the efficiency of the scale for its factors. The results of correlation showed that the dimensions of FDE scale has a reverse relationship with positive attitude toward delinquency, and has a positive significant relationship with negative attitude toward delinquency (p<0.01). Moreover, there was a negative significant relationship between the dimensions of FDE scale and Family Assessment Device (FAD) (p<0.01). The results of the present study showed that the factor structure, validity, and reliability of FDE scale are acceptable to determine the role of family dynamic environment in development of delinquent behaviors among Iranian adolescents. This scale can be applied by mental health researchers and professionals who are looking for developing measurement tools and more appropriate cultural interventions for the adolescents in Iranian culture.

Combined psychosexual intervention and medical treatment are two approaches that have designed for increasing sexual satisfaction in breast cancer patients. Question of this study is: could psychosexual intervention be more effective in sexual satisfaction alone? This study aimed to show combined psychosexual intervention is more effective than medical treatment in sexual satisfaction of breast cancer survivors. Method of this research was semi experimental with pre and posttest and two experimental and one control group and research tool was sexual satisfaction scale of women. Analysis of covariate and ANOVA was used for analysis. Results showed average of three groups was different in Relationship anxiety sub scale (P=0.037) and total Sexual satisfaction score (P=0.006) while other sub scales were not different. Post hoc test showed that relationship anxiety was reduced in psychosexual intervention group compared with medical group and total sexual satisfaction scale was improved in psychosexual intervention group compared with medical group. Other sub scales were not different. It means that: breast cancer survivors could relatively benefit more from psychosexual intervention than medical intervention.

Research shows that the experience of excitement in educational environments affects the self-efficacy and academic achievement of learners. The research question is whether teaching these strategies to learners is effective? The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching emotional processing strategies on academic emotion and academic self-efficacy among high school female students in Kerman. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of how to collect semi-experimental semi-experimental data with a pseudo-pretest, post-test, experimental and control group. The statistical population of this study includes all female students of secondary school in Kerman, who are studying in the school year 2012-2012. A sample size based on the type of research was conducted on 30 female students selected by multistage cluster random sampling. They were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups and both groups were divided into two groups before and after the training process. Peakan's academic emotional Scale (2006) and academic self-efficacy Jing and Morgan (1997) responded. The experimental group was trained in 8 sessions of 90 minutes of emotional processing strategies and the control group did not receive any training during this training period. Data were analyzed using statistical methods such as mean, standard deviation and covariance analysis. The results showed that training emotional processing strategies on academic emotion and academic self-efficacy of female students of Kerman had a significant level of significance (P<0.01). Emotional processing strategies and especially informed strategies reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions and adaptive behavior among female students with the educational environment.